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a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University College London, London, England
b Services for Older People, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, Essex, England
c Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, University of Wales Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales
d University College London, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, London, England
Correspondence: Martin Orrell, Reader in Psychiatry of Ageing, University College London, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Wolfson Building, 48 Riding House Street, London W1N 8AA England. E-mail: m.orrell{at}ucl.ac.uk.
Decision Editor: Vernon L. Greene, PhD
The effectiveness of classroom reality orientation (RO) in dementia was evaluated by conducting a systematic literature review. This yielded 43 studies, of which 6 were randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria (containing 125 subjects.) Results were subjected to meta-analysis. Effects on cognition and behavior were significant in favor of treatment (cognition standardized mean difference 
The evidence indicates that RO has benefits on both cognition and behavior for dementia sufferers. However, a continued program may be needed to sustain potential benefits. Future research should evaluate RO in well-designed multicenter trials.
Key Words: Memory impairment • Alzheimers • Cognition • Behavior • Therapy
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