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The Therapeutic Design of Environments for People With Dementia

A Review of the Empirical Research

^a Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA
^b Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine
^c Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine

Correspondence: Kristen Day, PhD, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92967. E-mail: kday{at}uci.edu.

Vernon L. Greene, PhD

Design of the physical environment is increasingly recognized as an important aid in caring for people with dementia. This article reviews the empirical research on design and dementia, including research concerning facility planning (relocation, respite and day care, special care units, group size), research on environmental attributes (noninstitutional character, sensory stimulation, lighting, safety), studies concerning building organization (orientation, outdoor space), and research on specific rooms and activity spaces (bathrooms, toilet rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, and resident rooms). The analysis reveals major themes in research and characterizes strengths and shortcomings in methodology, theoretical conceptualization, and applicability of findings.

Key Words: Architecture • Alzheimer's disease • Nursing homes • Assisted living

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