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Planning for Long-Term Care: Concept, Definition, and Measurement

Correspondence: Address correspondence to Marie-Luise Friedemann, PhD, RN, Professor, Associate Director Graduate Program, Florida International University, School of Nursing, ACII 203, North Miami, FL 33181. E-mail: friedemm{at}fiu.edu

Purpose: This study explores the development and testing of an instrument to measure long-term-care planning behavior. Design and Methods: Researchers operationalized proposed constructs and response styles as statements in a questionnaire. A telephone survey involved 150 randomly selected residents of Miami–Dade County, Florida who were between the ages of 55 and 70. Responses underwent exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability testing. Results: The trimmed long-term-care planning instrument of 23 items had five subscales with high internal reliability (coefficients >.70), a comparative fit index of.987, and a root mean square error of approximation of.050. Responses involved making choices about housing, readiness to use help from family and friends, maintaining one's health, saving and investing money, and not accepting the need to ask for help. Implications: Future research of long-term-care planning behaviors can use the instrument. Practitioners may use the instrument as a diagnostic inventory, alone or in combination with personalized educational interventions aimed at increasing awareness of and planning for future dependency and long-term-care assistance.

Key Words: Instrument • Concept development • Dependency • Formal care • Informal care